The Style Manual used by the New York State Law Reporting Bureau. OFFICIAL EDITIONNEW YORKLAW REPORTSSTYLE MANUALPrepared By. The Law Reporting Bureauof The State Of New York. Compiled and Edited By. Kathleen B. Padula. The Rationale Of The Course. Learning to write in a style is learning an activity - like playing the violin, sprinting, pole-vaulting, sparring. Other historians, most notably Dr. McLean, editor of the multivolume Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas, hold that the Rangers were not. The state of Western Australia is aptly named as it includes the entire western section of Australia, 2,525,500 sq km, or 32.87 per cent of the total. Masterful magnate, Madame C. Walker, 1867-1919, the hair-care-beauty specialist who built the most spectacular residence ever owned by an African American in. The Style Manual used by the New York State Law Reporting Bureau in preparing court decisions for publication in the New York Official Reports. Information on State Routes, US Highways, and Interstate Highways in California. Amanda Figgs. Ganter. Stephen M. HOOKSSTATE REPORTERCOPYRIGHT . I am so pleased to recognize our outstanding State Reporter, Bill Hooks, who succeeded to the position in June 2. Bill is no stranger to the Law Reporting Bureau—having started his career there in 1. I know he will continue the great tradition of providing impeccable service for the entire Unified Court System. Probably the most notable change reflected in the new Style Manual is the continuing movement toward the use of electronic sources. These changes demonstrate our increasing reliance on technology and the growing acceptance of the use of Internet material. Among other things, we now know how to cite materials such as e- books. I anticipate that this aspect of the Style Manual will only continue to develop. The Law Reporting Bureau has continued to update the Style Manual to make this resource as clear and easy to use as possible. In addition, as a substantive matter, I would like to point out that the new Manual addresses our relatively recent change over from the Code of Professional Responsibility to the new Rules of Professional Conduct as the rules that govern attorney conduct. As always, the staff of the Law Reporting Bureau deserves the highest praise for its absolutely meticulous work. On behalf of myself, the Court of Appeals and the rest of the Court System, I express the utmost respect and gratitude for their steadfast commitment to precision and their unmatched skill and dedication. PREFACE TO THE 2. EDITIONFor more than 5. New York Law Reports Style Manual has been issued by the Law Reporting Bureau with the approval of the Court of Appeals as a guide for New York judges and their staffs in the preparation of opinions for publication in the Official Reports. It also prescribes the style applied by the Law Reporting Bureau in editing the opinions for publication in the Reports. Additionally, it specifies for editors the format and typographical standards for the Reports. General authorities should be consulted on matters not covered by this Manual. These authorities include. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (1. Association of Legal Writing Directors & Darby Dickerson, ALWD Citation Manual (4th ed 2. Bryan A. Garner, The Redbook: A Manual on Legal Style (2d ed 2. The Chicago Manual of Style (1. Webster's Third New International Dictionary (2. Black's Law Dictionary (9th ed 2. Gerald Lebovits, Advanced Judicial Opinion Writing (7. Richard C. Wydick, Plain English for Lawyers (5th ed 2. Important Changes. The 2. 01. 2 Edition leaves largely intact the content of the 2. Edition and 2. 00. Supplement. Users' input inspired several rule clarifications and additions. Sample citations have been updated and expanded and residual style inconsistencies have been resolved. Other revisions reflect a continuing commitment to conform to modern style practices and reduce unnecessary variations from standard sources. The most noteworthy of the changes found in this Manual are. The use of supra to indicate that an authority has been cited previously is no longer recommended. Examples of short- form references are included for cases (1. Quotations. The Style Manual's section on omitting or altering language in quoted material has been reordered for clarity and revised to allow for more precise use of ellipses, to clarify the style where language is both altered and omitted and to provide guidance where emphasis is omitted. Word Style and Usage. The rule (1. 2. 4) on redaction of personal identifying information has been revised to accommodate heightened privacy and security concerns driven by greater accessibility of electronic judicial decisions. A clarification encourages authors to omit irrelevant information and additional examples of information that should be redacted have been included. Examples have been added to the list showing the style of particular words, with a continuing modern style emphasis on reducing excessive use of hyphens and italics (Appendix 5), and recurrent style inconsistencies have been addressed by new illustrations (e. Guidance is now included for formatting data tables incorporated in decisions (1. The use of small capitals in the text of opinions and footnotes has been eliminated (1. The model citational footnote opinion has been updated (Appendix 7). Statutory Citation Elements PLACEMENT OF CITATIONS Where to Place. Citations in the traditional format of the Official Reports are embedded in the text of the opinion using citations in running text (. In this format, citations in footnotes, if any, are styled as provided in section 1. As an alternative to the traditional format, citations may be placed exclusively in footnotes using the citational footnote style (. Citations in Running Text. The term . Citations within Parentheses. The term . How to Reference. Citations within parentheses may be referenced as in the examples below: The clear and convincing evidence standard was not met here (see Solomon v State of New York, 1. AD2d 4. 39, 4. 40 . Miller Brick Co., Inc. Punctuation. Place the final period in a sentence ending with a parenthetical as follows: Such is the law (People v Moran, 2 AD3d 2. Place it outside the sentence (as in second example above) if it relates to more than one preceding sentence. Citations in Footnotes. In a footnote containing text, citations in running text or within parentheses may be used. Some examples are: * The holding in Solomon v State of New York (1. AD2d 4. 39, 4. 40 . Some examples are: * Solomon v State of New York, 1. AD2d 4. 39, 4. 40 (1st Dept 1. See e. g. Citational Footnote Style. The citational footnote style is an alternative to the traditional placement of citations, using footnotes only for the citational content that would otherwise appear in the body of an opinion if either the running text citation style (. If used, the citational footnote style should be used for all citations in the opinion. See Appendix 7 for a model opinion formatted in the citational footnote style. Apply the following rules based upon the location where citational content would be placed in the traditional format. Running Text Style. Place the case name in running text and the volume—report—page or other bibliographic information in the footnote and eliminate the parentheses enclosing the citation. The footnote number should be placed at the point in the text where the citation would appear if the citation were placed in the text. Example: The situation in Rogers v Rogers. NY2d 5. 82 (1. 98. AD2d 9. 99 (2d Dept 1. Citations within Parentheses Style. Place the footnote number at the point where the parenthetical citation would appear if the parenthetical citation were placed in the body of the opinion. Place the citation in the footnote and eliminate the parentheses enclosing the citation. Example: The facts in this decision are not unusual. See George C. Miller Brick Co., Inc. Textual Footnotes. When using the citational footnote style, citations that appear within textual footnotes should not be placed within parentheses. Example: 2. The effect of the deregulation on the structure and organization of the natural gas industry is detailed in General Motors Corp. Footnote Numbers in Relation to Punctuation. Footnote numbers appearing in decisions follow punctuation marks. Example: County Court denied defendant's motion; 1. Appellate Division reversed, vacated the judgment, restored the indictment to the preplea stage and reinstated the prosecution's notice of intent to seek the death penalty. REFERENCE TO PREVIOUSLY CITED AUTHORITY Options for Referencing Previously Cited Authority. To reference previously cited authority use a short- form reference or . A full citation may be repeated if a short form or id. The subsequent citation should omit any reference to optional information (. A short- form reference should provide sufficient information to avoid confusion with distinct previous citations. Short- Form References Shortened Case Names and Popular Names. Subsequent references to a case in running text or within parentheses may use a shortened case name. The shortened form of the case name is usually the name of the first nongovernmental party (for example, . Popular names for cases (for example, . Shortened Citations. Subsequent references to cases and statutes may be shortened as follows: (Matter of Murphy, 6 NY3d at 4. Murphy, 6 NY3d 3. Kaye et al., The New Wigmore: Expert Evidence . Subsequent Reference to Parallel Citations. Where parallel citations are provided in the first reference, subsequent references that include a pinpoint page should supply the pinpoint page for each parallel citation. Thus, (Newbold v Arvidson, 1. Idaho 6. 63, 6. 72 P2d 2. INTRODUCTORY SIGNALS Citations Introduced by Signals. Citations may be introduced by signals that indicate the purpose for which the citations are made and their degree of support or contradiction concerning a proposition. Do not place a comma between the signal and citation. Consult standard citation authorities for information regarding the use of signals, their order when using two or more and the order of authorities after each signal. The following examples illustrate the use of introductory signals: (e. Dalton v Pataki, 5 NY3d 2. Matter of Oglesby v Mc. Kinney, 2. 8 AD3d 1. Matter of Oglesby v Mc. Kinney, 2. 8 AD3d 1. CPL 4. 0. 5. 0)(but see e. People v Mc. Connell, 1. Misc 3d 5. 7 . ELECTRONIC SOURCES IN GENERALCite an electronic source if it is the sole source of material referenced or if the print version is not readily available. A citation to an electronic source requires information identifying the particular material referenced, and is likely also to require information about the location where the source of that material may be accessed (e. Where the location or content of an electronic source is subject to change, a .
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